Camera

Types of Cameras

• Single-lens Reflex (SLR)
• Digital SLR (DSLR)
• Mirrorless Interchangeable-Lens Camera (MILC) / Digital Single-Lens Mirrorless (DSLM)

Parts

• Image Sensor
  • CMOS | CCD/EMCCD | Foveon | Film
    • CMOS generally has rolling electronic shutter and keeps ADC on board
    • CCD has a global shutter, draws more current and keeps ADC as a seperate unit
  • Illumination
    • BSI CMOS | FSI CMOS | Stacked CMOS
    • FSI: Sony Legacy | EXMOR (1-4th gen); not as bright as BSI
    • BSI: Sony EXMOR-R (5th gen EXMOR) | EXMOR-R STARVIS | EXMOR-RS | Samsung ISOCELL (cellphone sensors; problems they fix like light-leaks don't occur for larger sensors)
    • NOTE: EXMOR-R STARVIS series has low-light sensitivity and NIR capabilities, and RS extends it
    • BSI needs a mechanical shutter to freeze fast moving objects in place
    • Stacked Sensors: Sony Pregius (Stacked BSI and GS CMOS) | Pregius S (Places DRAM chip on the same silicon as the sensor, and increases readout speeds, thereby not needing a mechanical shutter)
  • Shutter Type
    • Global Shutter (GS): Sony Pregius | Pregius S
      • Pregius borrows ideas from CCD Architecture
  • Color Filter Array
    • Bayer Filter
      • Tetracell, Quad-Bayer
    • Fujifilm X-Trans
    • Huawei RYYB
    • Quantum efficiency diagrams show how sensitively different sensors react to light of different wavelengths
• Lens Mount
• Lens
• Image Signal Processor (ISP)
• Light Meter

Parameters

• Image Sensor
  • Image Sensor Size
    • Full Frame | APS-C | Four Thirds | 1/1.7" | 1/2.3" | 1/3.2"
• Mount FFD
• Lens Aperture, focal length and FOV
• Shutter Type
  • Global | Rolling | Pseudo-Global (All Rows mode)
  • Pseudo-global mode captures light only at the interval where all rows are in the same exposure from the exposure parallelogram
• Autofocus
  • Contrast-detection AF
  • Pixel Detection AF
    • 2x1 OCL, 2x2 OCL (On-Chip Lens)