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Camera

Types of Cameras

  • Single-lens Reflex (SLR)
  • Digital SLR (DSLR)
  • Mirrorless Interchangeable-Lens Camera (MILC) / Digital Single-Lens Mirrorless (DSLM)

Parts

  • Image Sensor
    • CMOS | CCD/EMCCD | Foveon | Film
      • CMOS generally has rolling electronic shutter and keeps ADC on board
      • CCD has a global shutter, draws more current and keeps ADC as a seperate unit
    • Illumination
      • BSI CMOS | FSI CMOS | Stacked CMOS
      • FSI: Sony Legacy | EXMOR (1-4th gen); not as bright as BSI
      • BSI: Sony EXMOR-R (5th gen EXMOR) | EXMOR-R STARVIS | EXMOR-RS | Samsung ISOCELL (cellphone sensors; problems they fix like light-leaks don't occur for larger sensors)
      • NOTE: EXMOR-R STARVIS series has low-light sensitivity and NIR capabilities, and RS extends it
      • BSI needs a mechanical shutter to freeze fast moving objects in place
      • Stacked Sensors: Sony Pregius (Stacked BSI and GS CMOS) | Pregius S (Places DRAM chip on the same silicon as the sensor, and increases readout speeds, thereby not needing a mechanical shutter)
    • Shutter Type
      • Global Shutter (GS): Sony Pregius | Pregius S
        • Pregius borrows ideas from CCD Architecture
    • Color Filter Array
      • Bayer Filter
        • Tetracell, Quad-Bayer
      • Fujifilm X-Trans
      • Huawei RYYB
      • Quantum efficiency diagrams show how sensitively different sensors react to light of different wavelengths
  • Lens Mount
  • Lens
  • Image Signal Processor (ISP)
  • Light Meter

Parameters

  • Image Sensor
    • Image Sensor Size
      • Full Frame | APS-C | Four Thirds | 1/1.7" | 1/2.3" | 1/3.2"
  • Mount FFD
  • Lens Aperture, focal length and FOV
  • Shutter Type
    • Global | Rolling | Pseudo-Global (All Rows mode)
    • Pseudo-global mode captures light only at the interval where all rows are in the same exposure from the exposure parallelogram
  • Autofocus
    • Contrast-detection AF
    • Pixel Detection AF
      • 2x1 OCL, 2x2 OCL (On-Chip Lens)
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